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LNAPL Update

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1 Introduction
2 LNAPL Regulatory Context, Challenges, and Outreach
2 LNAPL Regulatory Context, Challenges, and Outreach Overview
2.1 Regulatory Challenges
2.2 Weather Vulnerabilities
2.3 Stakeholder Concerns, Community Outreach and Engagement
2.4 Streamlining the Corrective Action Process by Increased Communication
3 Key LNAPL Concepts
3 Key LNAPL Concepts Overview
3.1 Common Misconceptions
3.2 Life Cycle and Anatomy of an LNAPL Body
3.3 Overview of Natural Source Zone Depletion
3.4 LNAPL Thickness in Wells
3.5 States of LNAPL Saturation
3.6 LNAPL Recoverability and Transmissivity
3.7 Relation of LNAPL Saturation and Composition to Technology Selection
4 LNAPL Conceptual Site Model (LCSM)
4 LNAPL Conceptual Site Model (LCSM) Overview
4.1 How Much Data is Enough?
4.2 Initial LCSM
4.3 LNAPL Tools
4.4 Remedy Selection LCSM
5 LNAPL Concerns, Remedial Goals, Objectives, and Technology Groups
5 LNAPL Concerns, Remedial Goals, Remediation Objectives, and Remedial Technology Groups Overview
5.1 Identifying LNAPL Concerns
5.2 Establishing LNAPL Remedial Goals
5.3 Determining LNAPL Remediation Objectives
5.4 LNAPL Remedial Technology Groups
5.5 Establishing Remedial Performance Metrics and Remediation Endpoints
5.6 Integration of the LCSM and LNAPL Remedial Technology Selection
6 LNAPL Remedial Technology Selection
6 LNAPL Remedial Technology Selection Overview
6.1 Process Overview
6.2 Preliminary Technology Screening
6.3 Technology Evaluation
6.4 Technology Selection, Implementation, and Evaluation
Additional Information
Appendix A – LNAPL Technologies Appendix
Appendix B – Natural Source Zone Depletion (NSZD) Appendix
Executive Summary
1.0 Introduction
2.0 NSZD Processes and Theory
3.0 Incorporating NSZD into the LNAPL Site Management Process
4.0 Methods of NSZD Rate Quantification
5.0 Considerations in Long-term LNAPL site Management
Appendix C – Transmissivity (Tn) Appendix
1. Introduction
2.0 Field Methods to Measure Tn
3.0 Data evaluation and estimation of Tn – How do you estimate Tn?
4.0 Case Studies
Appendix D – Fractured Rock Appendix
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Fractured Rock Concepts and Technical Background
3.0 LNAPL Conceptual Site Model
4.0 Remedial Technologies
Appendix E – LNAPL Sheens Appendix
1.0 Introduction–What Are LNAPL Sheens?
2.0 What are Some Important Regulatory Requirements Concerning Sheens?
3.0 What Are the Common Sheen Forming Scenarios and Processes?
4.0 What Are Methods to Identify Petroleum Derived Sheens?
5.0 What Tools are Available to Assess Flux from Seeps?
6.0 Potential Sheen Mitigation Technologies
Acronyms
Glossary
Acknowledgments
Team Contacts
References
Document Feedback

 

LNAPL Update
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Acronyms

API American Petroleum Institute
AS air sparging
ASTM American Society for Testing Materials
ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry
BTEX benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CL:AIRE Contaminated Land: Applications in Real Environments
COC constituents of concern
CPT cone penetrometer testing
CSM conceptual site model
CSU Colorado State University
DCC dynamic closed chamber
DNAPL dense, non-aqueous phase liquid
DO dissolved oxygen
DPE dual-phase extraction
DPLE dual pump liquid extraction
DRO diesel range organics
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute
ERI electrical resistivity imaging
ERT electrical resistivity tomography
ESA environmental site assessment
FID flame ionization detector
FRGT-MST Fractured Rock Geophysical Toolbox Method Selection Tool
GPR ground penetrating radar
GSI groundwater-surface water interface
ISC Institute for Sustainable Communities
ITRC Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council
LCSM LNAPL Conceptual Site Model
LIF laser induced fluorescence
LNAPL light, non-aqueous phase liquid
LUST leaking underground storage tank
MCL maximum contaminant level
MPCA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
MIP membrane interface probe
MNA monitoring natural attenuation
MPE multi-phase extraction
MW monitoring well
NAPL non-aqueous phase liquid
NOAA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
NRC National Response Center
NSZD natural source zone depletion
OBB oleophilic biobarrier
O&M operations and maintenance
ORP oxidation-reduction potential
OSC on-scene coordinator
PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PHC petroleum hydrocarbon compound
PID photoionization detector
PVI petroleum vapor intrusion
RCM reactive core mat
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RTDF Remediation Technologies Development Forum
SESR surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation
SMART specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely
SVE soil vapor extraction
SVOC semi-volatile organic compound
TEA terminal electron acceptor
TI technical impracticability
Tn transmissivity
TPE two-phase extraction
TPH total petroleum hydrocarbon
TPHCWG Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USAEC U.S. Army Environmental Center
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
USGS United States Geological Survey
UST underground storage tank
UV ultraviolet fluorescence
VEFR vacuum enhanced fluid recovery
VOC volatile organic compound

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LNAPL Update

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